Ua kokoke mai ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pani no nā refrigerants o ka hanauna ʻelua a me ke kolu!
Ma ka lā 15 o Kepakemapa, 2021, ua hoʻomaka ka "Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer" no Kina. Wahi a ka "Montreal Protocol", e pau ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka refrigerant HCFC o ka hanauna ʻelua i ka makahiki 2030. Ke koi nei ka hoʻololi ʻana ma ka makahiki 2050, e hāʻule ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā HFC honua ma kahi o 85%.
He hanana koʻikoʻi kēia i ke kaʻina hana hoʻopau hapa ʻana o ka refrigerant, a hoʻouna pū ia i kahi hōʻailona politika nui e hōʻike ana ua paʻa ke kaiāulu honua e hoʻopau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā HFC.
I ka manawa like, me ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka pahuhopu "dual-carbon" kūloko a me ka hoʻokō mālie ʻana o ke kulekele kaohi ʻana o nā HFC refrigerant hanauna ʻekolu, he mea wikiwiki ia e aʻo i ka HCFC, nā mea pani HFC a me nā ʻenehana pili.
Komo ka refrigerant i ke au o ka waiwai GWP haʻahaʻa, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻowahāwahā ʻia ka pilikia flammability!
Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā refrigerants lapalapa me nā waiwai GWP haʻahaʻa e pani i ka HCFC a me nā kinoea ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ka fluorine ua manaʻo ʻia he hopena kūpono a haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike nā haʻawina ʻaʻole i hoʻokō pinepine nā refrigerants kuʻuna i nā koi āpau o nā refrigerants e hiki mai ana no ka GWP haʻahaʻa, ka palekana, ka hana thermodynamic a me ka hana kaiapuni i ka manawa like.
I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, he nui nā waiwai GWP haʻahaʻa e hiki ke puhi ʻia!
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ke kūlana aupuni "Refrigerant Numbering Method and Safety Classification" GB/T 7778-2017 i ka ʻawaʻawa o nā refrigerants i ka Papa A (ʻawaʻawa haʻahaʻa) a me ka Papa B (ʻawaʻawa kiʻekiʻe), a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka lapalapa ʻana i ka Papa 1 (ʻAʻohe lapalapa), Papa 2L (hiki ke nāwaliwali), Papa 2 (hiki ke hana), a me Papa 3 (hiki ke lapalapa a pahū). Wahi a GB/T 7778-2017, ua māhele ʻia ka palekana o nā refrigerants i 8 mau ʻāpana, ʻo ia hoʻi: A1, A2L, A2, A3, B1, B2L, B2, a me B3. I waena o lākou, ʻo A1 ka mea palekana loa a ʻo B3 ka mea weliweli loa.
Pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka refrigerant A2L HFO me ka palekana a me ka pono?
ʻOiai ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā ea hoʻoluʻu hale, nā ea hoʻoluʻu kikowaena a me nā lako hoʻomaʻalili ʻē aʻe no ka hana ma ka hale hana, ua hōʻike ʻia ka waiwai kuhikuhi o ka uku refrigerant. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻopiha ʻia nā ʻāpana ea hoʻoluʻu kikowaena nui a me nā mea hoʻolulu ʻoihana me ka refrigerant ma kahi, e like me nā ea hoʻoluʻu hale, nā lako pahu hau, nā waihona anu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana mālama.
Eia kekahi, ma muli o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā evaporators i hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau lako, ʻokoʻa ka uku refrigerant. Ma waho aʻe o ke kahua mālama a me ke kau ʻana, ma muli o nā kūlana palena, nui nā limahana mālama e uku i ka refrigerant ma muli o ka ʻike. Eia kekahi, ua maʻalahi hoʻi ka ʻoihana i ka pilikia o ka lapalapa ʻana o ka refrigerant.
Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻolauna ʻo Chemours iā R1234yf, R454A, R454B, R454C a me nā mea hoʻomaʻalili A2L palupalu ʻē aʻe, GWP haʻahaʻa, a ua kūpaʻa i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻolālā ʻōnaehana a me ke aʻo ʻepekema kaulana e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia flammability.
ʻO ka pae palekana A2L he mau ʻano o ka ʻawahia haʻahaʻa (A) a me ka nāwaliwali o ka lapalapa ʻana (2L). He nui nā refrigerants A2L HFO i loaʻa nā ʻano hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻano GWP haʻahaʻa, a he mau pani kūpono no ka hanauna mua o nā refrigerants HFC. ʻAʻole hoʻohana nui ʻia nā huahana A2L ma ka mākeke honua, akā ua hoʻolalelale pū nā ʻoihana kūloko he nui i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kēia ʻano refrigerant hou i nā noi hana. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻo Johnson Controls iā Oteon™ XL41 (R-454B) i loko o kāna York ® YLAA scroll chiller no ka mākeke ʻEulopa; Koho pū ʻo Carrier iā R-454B (ʻo ia hoʻi, Ma ke ʻano he refrigerant haʻahaʻa GWP nui, e hoʻohana ʻo Carrier iā R-454B i loko o kāna mau huahana HVAC hale noho tubular a me nā huahana HVAC kalepa māmā i kūʻai ʻia ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau mai 2023. E pani iā R-410A.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-23-2021